![]() Caesar won, as well as conservative Marcus Bibulus, but saw that he could further his political influence with Crassus and Pompey. The election was particularly contentious, with corruption occurring on all sides. An acclaimed military commander who had also served in a variety of political offices, Caesar sought election as consul in 59 BCE, along with two other candidates. Caesar made the initial overtures that led to the informal alliance. In 60 BCE, Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) formed a political alliance, known as the First Triumvirate, that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, consul, and notable author of Latin prose. PompeyĪ military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, who represented the Roman Senate in a civil war against Julius Caesar. Julius CaesarĪ Roman general, statesman, consul, and author, who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In the early Republic, by contrast, a dictator was a general appointed by the Senate, who served temporarily during a national emergency. Caesar was assassinated in 44 BCE by his remaining enemies in the Senate, throwing Rome into another period of chaos and civil war.ĭuring Caesar’s time, in the late Roman Republic, ruler for life.As dictator, he instituted a series of reforms and, most notably, created the Julian calendar. With most of his enemies gone, Caesar installed himself as dictator in perpetuity.Caesar quickly defeated his rival and many other Senate conservatives who had previously opposed him. Caesar fought in a civil war against his old colleague, Pompey, who had aligned himself with conservative interests in the Senate.Upon conclusion of the wars, he refused to return to Rome as ordered by the Senate, and instead, crossed the Rubicon in 49 BCE with a legion, entering Roman territory under arms. Caesar enjoyed great success as commander in the Gallic Wars.In 60 BCE, Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) formed a political alliance, known as the First Triumvirate, that was to dominate Roman politics for several years, though their populist tactics were opposed by the conservative Senate.
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